A broken bone must be carefully stabilized and maintained until it is strong enough to support the weight and movement of the body. Until the twentieth century, doctors utilized casts and splints to support and stabilize the bone outside of the body. The advancement of sterile surgical procedures reduced the risk of infection, allowing medical experts to internally repair and stabilize damaged bones. During surgery, the bone fragments are initially pushed (reduced) into their normal alignment in order to set a fracture. To hold them together, special implants such as plates, screws, nails, and wires are employed. Internal fixation of broken bones reduces nonunion (improper healing) and malunion (healing in the wrong position), allowing patients to return to work sooner and shortening hospital stays.
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