Until a broken bone is strong enough to sustain the weight and movement of the body, it must be carefully stabilised and maintained. Doctors used casts and splints up until the 20th century to support and stabilise the bone outside of the body. The development of sterile surgical techniques decreased the possibility of infection, enabling medical professionals to internally fix and stabilise broken bones. The bone fragments are first moved (reduced) into their regular alignment during surgery to set a fracture. Special implants, including as plates, screws, nails, and wires, are used to hold them together. Internal fixation minimises nonunion (inappropriate healing) and malunion (healing in the wrong position) of broken bones, enabling patients to return to work sooner, and shortens hospital stays.
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